Charles was the youngest son of John Vaughan (1830-81), who inherited the estate of Plas Llangoedmor, Cardiganshire, Wales. Charles's mother was Julia Ann Morris (1843-1922), daughter of Thomas Charles Morris (1809-86), banker. Charles never married.
Charles taught at The Leas for the whole of his working life, 1901-35. He then retired to Tenby, to live with his brother Herbert; Herbert died there in 1948. Charles returned from retirement when the school was at Glenridding: the initials CGV appear in school magazines under Library reports in 1941 and 1942.
Michael Longson (The Leas 20t3-24t2) writes in his autobiography A Classical Youth (Anthony Blond, 1985):
Charles's nephew Percy Walter Vaughan attended The Leas, leaving at the end of Christmas Tern 1921. He went on to Wellington College, where he had a promising start, reaching the Classical VI in 1925. Sadly in June of that year he contracted a rapidly-developing paralysis, possibly polio, and died in the school Sanatorium on 2 July 1925.